VOC氣體

　　VOC gas

　　在石油化工、印刷、人造革及電子元器件、烤漆和醫藥等化工領域，揮發性的有機化合物，簡稱為VOC(Volatile Organic Compounds))，通常作為溶劑來使用。這些有機溶劑如果揮發到大氣環境中，不僅會對大氣環境造成嚴重污染，而且人體呼入被污染的氣體后，對人體健康產生危害。

　　In the fields of petrochemicals, printing, artificial leather and electronic components, baking paint, and pharmaceuticals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly used as solvents. If these organic solvents evaporate into the atmospheric environment, they will not only cause serious pollution to the atmosphere, but also pose a threat to human health after inhaling polluted gases.

　　比如，苯作為溶劑揮發到大氣環境中，不僅可以被人體的皮膚所吸收，而且還可通過呼吸系統進入人體內部，造成慢性或急性中毒。 ?苯類化合物不僅會對人體的中樞神經造成一定的損害，而且還可能造成神經系統的障礙，進入人體后還會危害血液和造血器官，甚至會有出血癥狀或患上敗血癥。氧化作用下，苯在生物體內可氧化成苯酚，從而造成肝功能異常，對骨骼的生長發育十分不利，誘發再生障礙性貧血。因此，ACGIH把苯列為潛在致癌物質。鹵代烴類化合物會引發神經癥候群和血小板的減少、肝脾腫大等不良狀況，而且很有可能致癌。

　　For example, benzene, as a solvent that evaporates into the atmosphere, can not only be absorbed by the human skin, but also enter the human body through the respiratory system, causing chronic or acute poisoning. Benzene compounds not only cause certain damage to the central nervous system of the human body, but may also cause neurological disorders. After entering the human body, they can also harm the blood and hematopoietic organs, and even cause bleeding symptoms or sepsis. Under oxidation, benzene can be oxidized to phenol in the body, causing abnormal liver function, which is very detrimental to bone growth and development, and inducing aplastic anemia. Therefore, ACGIH lists benzene as a potential carcinogen. Halogenated hydrocarbon compounds can cause neurological disorders, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and other adverse conditions, and are highly likely to cause cancer.

　　所以，必須控制VOC的排放，這不僅是對環境負責，也是對我們的生命健康負責。

　　So, it is necessary to control the emissions of VOCs, which is not only responsible for the environment, but also for our life and health.

　　VOC廢氣處理工藝

　　VOC waste gas treatment process

　　當前，VOC廢氣處理技術主要包括熱破壞法、變壓吸附分離與凈化技術、吸附法和氧化處理方法等。

　　At present, VOC waste gas treatment technologies mainly include thermal destruction method, pressure swing adsorption separation and purification technology, adsorption method, and oxidation treatment method.

　　熱破壞法

　　Thermal destruction method

　　熱破壞法是指直接和輔助燃燒VOC氣體，或利用合適的催化劑加快VOC的化學反應，最終達到降低有機物濃度，使其不再具有危害性的一種處理方法。

　　Thermal destruction method refers to a treatment method that directly and indirectly burns VOC gases, or uses suitable catalysts to accelerate the chemical reaction of VOCs, ultimately reducing the concentration of organic matter and making it no longer harmful.

　　熱破壞法對于濃度較低的有機廢氣處理效果比較好，因此，在處理低濃度廢氣中得到了廣泛應用。這種方法主要分為兩種，即直接火焰燃燒和催化燃燒。直接火焰燃燒對有機廢氣的熱處理效率相對較高，一般情況下可達到 99%。而催化燃燒指的是在催化床層的作用下，加快有機廢氣的化學反應速度。這種方法比直接燃燒用時更少，是高濃度、小流量有機廢氣凈化的首選技術。

　　The thermal decomposition method has a good treatment effect on organic waste gas with low concentration, and therefore has been widely used in the treatment of low concentration waste gas. This method is mainly divided into two types, namely direct flame combustion and catalytic combustion. The heat treatment efficiency of organic waste gas by direct flame combustion is relatively high, generally reaching 99%. Catalytic combustion refers to the acceleration of the chemical reaction rate of organic waste gas under the action of a catalytic bed. This method takes less time than direct combustion and is the preferred technology for purifying high concentration, low flow organic waste gases.

　　活性炭吸附法

　　Activated carbon adsorption method

　　利用吸附劑（粒狀活性炭和活性炭纖維）的多孔結構，將廢氣中的VOC捕獲。將含VOC的有機廢氣通過活性炭床，其中的VOC被吸附劑吸附，廢氣得到凈化，而排入大氣。

　　Utilizing the porous structure of adsorbents (granular activated carbon and activated carbon fibers) to capture VOCs in exhaust gases. The organic waste gas containing VOCs is passed through an activated carbon bed, where the VOCs are adsorbed by adsorbents, and the waste gas is purified before being discharged into the atmosphere.

　　炭吸附法主要用于脂肪和芳香族碳氫化合物、大部分含氯溶劑、常用醇類、部分酮類和酯類等的回收。

　　Carbon adsorption method is mainly used for the recovery of fats and aromatic hydrocarbons, most chlorine containing solvents, commonly used alcohols, some ketones and esters.

　　當炭吸附達到飽和后，對飽和的炭床進行脫附再生；通入水蒸汽加熱炭層，VOC被吹脫放出，并與水蒸汽形成蒸汽混合物，一起離開炭吸附床，用冷凝器冷卻蒸汽混合物，使蒸汽冷凝為液體。

　　When the adsorption of carbon reaches saturation, desorb and regenerate the saturated carbon bed; Heating the carbon layer with water vapor, VOCs are blown off and released, forming a steam mixture with water vapor, leaving the carbon adsorption bed together. The steam mixture is cooled by a condenser to condense the steam into liquid.

　　對于水溶性VOC氣體，用精餾將液體混合物提純；水不溶性VOC氣體，用沉析器直接回收VOC。比如，涂料中所用的“三苯”與水互不相溶，故可以直接回收。

　　For water-soluble VOC gases, purify the liquid mixture by distillation; Water insoluble VOC gas, directly recover VOC using a precipitant. For example, the "triphenyl" used in coatings is immiscible with water, so it can be directly recycled.

　　炭吸附技術主要用于廢氣中組分比較簡單、有機物回收利用價值較高的情況，適于噴漆、印刷和粘合劑等溫度不高，濕度不大，排氣量較大的場合，尤其對含鹵化物的凈化回收更為有效。

　　Carbon adsorption technology is mainly used for situations where the components in exhaust gas are relatively simple and the value of organic matter recovery and utilization is high. It is suitable for applications such as painting, printing, and adhesives where the temperature is not high, humidity is not high, and exhaust volume is large. It is especially effective for purifying and recovering halides.

　　冷凝法

　　Condensation method

　　廢氣中分離出來，直接回收。但這種情況下，離開冷凝器的排放氣中仍含有相當高濃度的VOC，不能滿足環境排放標準。要獲得高的回收率，系統需要很高的壓力和很低的溫度，設備費用顯著地增加。

　　Separate it from the exhaust gas and recycle it directly. However, in this case, the exhaust gas leaving the condenser still contains a relatively high concentration of VOCs, which cannot meet environmental emission standards. To achieve a high recovery rate, the system requires high pressure and low temperature, resulting in a significant increase in equipment costs.

　　這種處理方法主要適用于濃度高且溫度比較低的有機廢氣處理。

　　This treatment method is mainly suitable for the treatment of organic waste gas with high concentration and relatively low temperature.

　　通常適用于VOC含量高(百分之幾)，氣體量較小的有機廢氣的回收處理，由于大部分VOC是易燃易爆氣體，受到爆炸極限的限制，氣體中的VOC含量不會太高，所以要達到較高的回收率，需采用很低溫度的冷凝介質或高壓措施，這勢必會增加設備投資和處理成本，因此，該技術一般是作為一級處理技術并與其它技術結合使用。

　　It is usually suitable for the recovery and treatment of organic waste gases with high VOC content (a few percent) and small gas volume. Due to the fact that most VOCs are flammable and explosive gases, the VOC content in the gas is limited by the explosive limit. Therefore, to achieve a high recovery rate, it is necessary to use low-temperature condensing media or high-pressure measures, which will inevitably increase equipment investment and treatment costs. Therefore, this technology is generally used as a primary treatment technology and combined with other technologies.

　　膜分離技術

　　Membrane separation technology

　　膜分離技術的基礎就是使用對有機物具有選擇滲透性的聚合物膜，該膜對有機蒸氣較空氣更易于滲透10－100倍，從而實現有機物的分離。適于高濃度、高價值的有機物回收，其設備費用較高。

　　The basis of membrane separation technology is the use of polymer membranes with selective permeability to organic matter, which are 10-100 times more permeable to organic vapors than air, thus achieving the separation of organic matter. Suitable for the recovery of high concentration and high-value organic compounds, the equipment cost is relatively high.

　　最簡單的膜分離為單級膜分離系統，直接使壓縮氣體通過膜表面，實現VOC的分離。單級膜因分離程度很低，難以達到分離要求，而多級膜分離系統則會大大增加設備投資，故而在這方面的技術還有很大的研究空間。

　　The simplest membrane separation is a single-stage membrane separation system, which directly passes compressed gas through the membrane surface to achieve VOC separation. Single stage membranes have a low degree of separation and are difficult to meet separation requirements, while multi-stage membrane separation systems greatly increase equipment investment, so there is still a lot of research space in this area of technology.

　　變法吸附技術

　　Reformed adsorption technology

　　吸附劑在一定壓力下吸附有機物；當吸附劑吸附飽和后，通過壓力變換來“釋放”脫附的有機物。其特點是無污染物，回收效率高，可以回收反應性有機物。但是該技術操作費用較高，吸附需要加壓，脫附需要減壓，環保中應用較少。

　　Adsorbents adsorb organic matter under a certain pressure; When the adsorbent is saturated with adsorption, the desorbed organic matter is "released" through pressure conversion. Its characteristics are no pollutants, high recovery efficiency, and the ability to recover reactive organic compounds. However, the operating cost of this technology is relatively high, adsorption requires pressure, desorption requires pressure reduction, and its application in environmental protection is limited.

　　熱氧化法

　　Thermal oxidation method

　　通過燃燒來消除有機物的，其操作溫度高達700℃－1,000℃，這樣不可避免地具有高的燃料費用；為降低燃料費用，需要回收熱量，有兩種方式：傳統的間壁式換熱，新型非穩態蓄熱換熱技術。

　　Eliminating organic matter through combustion, with operating temperatures ranging from 700 ℃ to 1000 ℃, inevitably incurs high fuel costs; To reduce fuel costs, there are two ways to recover heat: traditional wall to wall heat exchange and new non steady state thermal storage heat exchange technology.

　　間壁式熱氧化是用列管或板式間壁換熱器來捕獲凈化排放氣的熱量，它可以回收40％－70％的熱能，并用回收的熱量來預熱進入氧化系統的有機廢氣。預熱后的廢氣再通過火焰來達到氧化溫度，進行凈化，間壁換熱的缺點是熱回收效率不高。

　　Inter wall thermal oxidation is a method of capturing and purifying exhaust gas using tube or plate type inter wall heat exchangers. It can recover 40% -70% of the heat energy and use the recovered heat to preheat the organic waste gas entering the oxidation system. The preheated exhaust gas is then passed through a flame to reach the oxidation temperature for purification. The disadvantage of inter wall heat exchange is that the heat recovery efficiency is not high.

　　蓄熱式熱氧化（簡稱RTO）回收熱量采用一種新的非穩態熱傳遞方式。主要原理是：有機廢氣和凈化后的排放氣交替循環，通過多次不斷地改變流向，來最大限度地捕獲熱量，蓄熱系統提供了極高的熱能回收。

　　Regenerative Thermal Oxidation (RTO) uses a new non steady state heat transfer method to recover heat. The main principle is to alternate the circulation of organic waste gas and purified exhaust gas, and to capture heat to the maximum extent by continuously changing the flow direction multiple times. The thermal storage system provides extremely high heat recovery.

　　催化燃燒法

　　Catalytic combustion method

　　漆廢氣經阻火器進入催化凈化裝置，在板式熱交換器內與高溫尾氣進行熱量交換，經預熱的廢氣進入加熱室（內設有電加熱管）進一步升溫，達到起燃溫度的廢氣繼續進入催化床內，在貴金屬Pt、Pd催化劑的作用下，使有機溶劑完全氧化分解為H2O和CO2，并釋放出大量反應熱，可維持催化燃燒所需的起燃溫度，達到熱平衡。

　　The paint exhaust gas enters the catalytic purification device through the flame arrester, and exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas in the plate heat exchanger. The preheated exhaust gas enters the heating chamber (equipped with electric heating tubes) for further heating, and the exhaust gas that reaches the ignition temperature continues to enter the catalytic bed. Under the action of precious metal Pt and Pd catalysts, the organic solvent is completely oxidized and decomposed into H2O and CO2, and a large amount of reaction heat is released, which can maintain the ignition temperature required for catalytic combustion and achieve thermal equilibrium.

　　板式熱交換器將高溫尾氣與進口低溫廢氣進行熱量交換，部分熱量得以回收，減少了預熱能耗。經回收部分熱量的高溫尾氣在引風機抽力的作用下通過排氣筒達標排放。

　　Plate heat exchangers exchange heat between high-temperature exhaust gas and imported low-temperature exhaust gas, partially recovering heat and reducing preheating energy consumption. The high-temperature exhaust gas with partially recovered heat is discharged through the exhaust pipe under the suction force of the induced draft fan to meet the standard.

　　系統達到熱平衡后自動關閉電加熱裝置，此后，催化燃燒系統就靠廢氣中的有機溶劑燃燒時產生的熱能，在無須外加能源的基礎上使催化燃燒繼續進行直至結束。考慮到凈化裝置需要維修，在過濾阻火器前設置旁路管和旁路閥。

　　After reaching thermal equilibrium, the system automatically shuts down the electric heating device. Afterwards, the catalytic combustion system relies on the thermal energy generated by the combustion of organic solvents in the exhaust gas to continue the catalytic combustion without the need for external energy until it ends. Considering the need for maintenance of the purification device, a bypass pipe and bypass valve should be installed before filtering the flame arrester.

　　在使用有機溶劑的行業中，汽車涂裝、印刷等行業，有機溶劑濃度低、風量大，若采用上述方法都將使用龐大的設備，耗用大量經費。目前對這類低濃度、大風量的有機廢氣，主要采用下面幾種方法進行治理。

　　In industries that use organic solvents, such as automotive painting and printing, the concentration of organic solvents is low and the air volume is high. If the above methods are used, they will require large equipment and consume a lot of funds. At present, the following methods are mainly used to treat low concentration and high air volume organic waste gas.

　　蜂窩輪式濃縮系統

　　Honeycomb Wheel Concentrator System

　　該系統采用蜂窩輪，連續不斷地將低濃度、大風量的排氣中的有機溶劑吸附、分離；然后，再用小風量的熱風脫附得到高濃度、小風量的含有機溶劑氣體。濃縮后的氣體再與小型的催化燃燒或活性炭回收裝置組合，構成經濟的處理系統。

　　The system uses honeycomb wheels to continuously adsorb and separate organic solvents from low concentration and high air volume exhaust; Then, use a small volume of hot air to desorb and obtain high concentration, low volume organic solvent gas. The concentrated gas is combined with small catalytic combustion or activated carbon recovery devices to form an economical treatment system.

　　脫附后的排氣只要用吸附風量十幾分之一的裝置就可以進行處理了。該系統體積小，費用低，在國外已成為治理低濃度、大風量有機廢氣的首選方法，并得到廣泛應用。

　　The exhaust gas after detachment can be treated with a device that can absorb more than one tenth of the air volume. This system has a small volume and low cost, and has become the preferred method for treating low concentration, high air volume organic waste gas abroad, and has been widely used.

　　液體吸收法

　　Liquid absorption method

　　通過有機廢氣與液體吸收劑接觸，使其中的有機溶劑被吸收劑所吸收，再經解吸，將有機溶劑除去或回收，井使吸收劑獲得再生重復利用。

　　By contacting organic waste gas with liquid absorbent, the organic solvent is absorbed by the absorbent, and then desorbed to remove or recover the organic solvent, so that the absorbent can be regenerated and reused.

　　生物法

　　Biological Law

　　生物脫臭使用微生物將有機溶劑分解。因耗能非常低，運轉費也很便宜而受到人們重視，特別是在歐洲，以德國為中心進行技術開發，應用實例逐漸增多。

　　Biological deodorization uses microorganisms to decompose organic solvents. Due to its very low energy consumption and cheap operating costs, it has attracted people's attention, especially in Europe, where technology development is centered around Germany and application examples are gradually increasing.

　　本文由 VOCs廢氣處理  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.qzxcdz.com/   真誠的態度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

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