揮發性有機化合物（VOCs）作為大氣污染物的重要組成部分，對環境和人體健康危害極大。其來源廣泛，涉及石油化工、工業涂裝、包裝印刷等眾多行業。據《“十三五” 揮發性有機物污染防治工作方案》數據，我國重點行業每年VOCs排放量達千萬噸級別，是形成臭氧（O3）及細顆粒物（PM2.5）的關鍵前體物。在眾多治理手段中，治理設施的合理選擇與有效運行極為關鍵。

　　Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as an important component of atmospheric pollutants, pose great harm to the environment and human health. It has a wide range of sources, involving many industries such as petrochemicals, industrial coatings, packaging printing, etc. According to the "13th Five Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Volatile Organic Compound Pollution", the annual VOCs emissions from key industries in China reach tens of millions of tons, which are key precursors for the formation of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Among various governance measures, the rational selection and effective operation of governance facilities are extremely crucial.

　　1為什么“工藝簡潔”是治理設施的基礎要求？

　　Why is "simple craftsmanship" the basic requirement for managing facilities?

　　在展開VOCs治理設施的現狀分析前，我們首先要明確“工藝簡潔”在環保治理中的核心價值。從工業工程學定義來看，簡潔工藝是通過剔除冗余步驟、優化操作邏輯，實現污染物高效處理的技術路徑，它不僅能降低設備運維難度，更直接決定著治理效果的穩定性。以VOCs治理的預處理環節為例，傳統水洗+除霧+干燥的多段流程，常因管道銜接復雜導致廢氣泄漏，而簡潔化的“一體化噴淋除霧裝置”通過集成設計，將流程壓縮至1步，泄漏率從8%降至1.2%以下（數據來源：《環境工程學報》2023年第17卷）。從實際應用效果看，工藝簡潔性對治理設施的影響主要體現在三方面：1.效率提升：某電子涂裝企業將“水簾+活性炭+UV光解”的三段工藝，優化為“一體化吸附-降解設備”，處理耗時從4.5小時/批次縮短至1.8小時/批次；2.成本可控：根據《揮發性有機物治理技術指南》測算，簡潔工藝的設備維護成本比復雜工藝低32%-45%，避免了多環節故障導致的額外支出；3.效果穩定：多步驟工藝的污染物逃逸率約12%-18%，而簡潔工藝可將逃逸率控制在5%以內，減少二次污染風險。2當前VOCs治理設施的“在用現狀”

　　Before conducting an analysis of the current status of VOCs treatment facilities, we must first clarify the core value of "simplicity of process" in environmental governance. From the perspective of industrial engineering definition, concise process is a technical path for efficient treatment of pollutants by eliminating redundant steps and optimizing operational logic. It not only reduces the difficulty of equipment operation and maintenance, but also directly determines the stability of the treatment effect. Taking the pre-treatment process of VOCs treatment as an example, the traditional multi-stage process of water washing, defogging, and drying often leads to waste gas leakage due to complex pipeline connections. However, the simplified "integrated spray defogging device" compresses the process to one step through integrated design, reducing the leakage rate from 8% to below 1.2% (data source: Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 17, 2023). From the perspective of practical application effects, the impact of process simplicity on treatment facilities is mainly reflected in three aspects: 1. Efficiency improvement: A certain electronic coating enterprise optimized the three-stage process of "water curtain+activated carbon+UV photolysis" into an "integrated adsorption degradation equipment", reducing the processing time from 4.5 hours/batch to 1.8 hours/batch; 2. Cost controllable: According to the "Technical Guidelines for Volatile Organic Compound Treatment", the maintenance cost of equipment for simple processes is 32% -45% lower than that for complex processes, avoiding additional expenses caused by multiple link failures; 3. Stable effect: The pollutant escape rate of multi-step process is about 12% -18%, while the simple process can control the escape rate within 5%, reducing the risk of secondary pollution. Current status of VOCs treatment facilities in use

　　盡管工藝簡潔性至關重要，但現實中企業投用的VOCs治理設施，卻普遍存在“低效運行”“錯配使用”“形式主義”三大問題，部分數據甚至超出行業預期。1.超50%在用設施屬于“低效技術”，降解率不足30%根據生態環境部環境規劃院2024年發布的《重點行業VOCs治理設施運行評估報告》，在工業涂裝、包裝印刷、家具制造三大重點行業中，水簾預處理、單純活性炭吸附、UV光解等技術的應用率高達58.7%，但這類設施的實際治理效果卻堪憂：清華大學馬永亮團隊的實驗數據顯示，光氧化、低溫等離子工藝在處理濃度＞1000mg/m? 的VOCs廢氣時，降解效率普遍低于30%，遠低于國家標準要求的80%以上；某省環保執法抽查發現，42%的活性炭吸附設施存在 “炭層厚度不足（＜5cm）”“氣流短路” 問題，廢氣未與活性炭充分接觸便直接排放，相當于“未治理”；更嚴重的是，73%的企業未建立活性炭更換臺賬，部分設施的活性炭已連續使用18個月以上，完全失去吸附能力，淪為“擺設”。2.技術選型“錯配率”超35%，高溫高濕廢氣硬上吸附工藝工藝選擇與廢氣特性不匹配，是導致治理失效的另一大主因。根據《VOCs治理技術選擇指南（2023版）》，不同工況下的廢氣需對應特定治理技術，但實際應用中卻存在大量 “逆勢操作”：3.高效設施普及率低，RTO/RCO年增量僅千套雖然RTO（蓄熱式熱力焚燒）、RCO（蓄熱式催化燃燒）等高效治理技術的降解率可達95%以上，但受成本限制，這類設施的普及速度緩慢：2022年全國高效燃燒類設施（RTO/RCO）保有量約1.2萬套，僅覆蓋重點排污企業的18.3%；生態環境部數據顯示，此類設施年均新增約1000套，按當前增速，要實現重點行業全覆蓋需至少15年；中小企業是主要“缺口群體”：一套1萬m?/h處理量的RTO設備初始投資約300萬元，年運維費用25-30萬元，遠超中小企的承受能力。3從“低效在用”到“高效運行”的3條路徑

　　Although simplicity of process is crucial, the VOCs treatment facilities used by enterprises in reality generally suffer from three major problems: "inefficient operation", "mismatched use", and "formalism", with some data even exceeding industry expectations. 1. More than 50% of the facilities in use belong to "inefficient technologies", with a degradation rate of less than 30%. According to the "Evaluation Report on the Operation of VOCs Treatment Facilities in Key Industries" released by the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment in 2024, the application rate of water curtain pretreatment, simple activated carbon adsorption, UV photolysis and other technologies in the three key industries of industrial painting, packaging and printing, and furniture manufacturing is as high as 58.7%. However, the actual treatment effect of such facilities is worrying: experimental data from the Ma Yongliang team at Tsinghua University shows that photooxidation and low-temperature plasma processes can effectively treat concentrations greater than 1000mg/m? When dealing with VOCs waste gas, the degradation efficiency is generally below 30%, far below the national standard requirement of over 80%; A provincial environmental law enforcement spot check found that 42% of activated carbon adsorption facilities have problems such as "insufficient carbon layer thickness (<5cm)" and "short circuit of airflow". The exhaust gas is directly discharged without sufficient contact with activated carbon, which is equivalent to "untreated"; More seriously, 73% of enterprises have not established a ledger for replacing activated carbon, and some facilities have been using activated carbon continuously for more than 18 months, completely losing its adsorption capacity and becoming mere decorations. The mismatch rate of technology selection exceeds 35%, and the mismatch between the selection of high-temperature and high humidity exhaust gas hard adsorption process and the characteristics of the exhaust gas is another major reason for the failure of treatment. According to the "Guidelines for the Selection of VOCs Treatment Technologies (2023 Edition)", specific treatment technologies are required for exhaust gases under different operating conditions, but there are many "counter trend operations" in practical applications: 3. The penetration rate of high-efficiency facilities is low, and the annual increment of RTO/RCO is only a thousand sets. Although the degradation rate of high-efficiency treatment technologies such as RTO (Regenerative Thermal Incineration) and RCO (Regenerative Catalytic Combustion) can reach over 95%, the popularization rate of such facilities is slow due to cost limitations: in 2022, the number of high-efficiency combustion facilities (RTO/RCO) in China was about 12000 sets, covering only 18.3% of key polluting enterprises; According to data from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the average annual increase in such facilities is about 1000 sets. At the current growth rate, it will take at least 15 years to achieve full coverage of key industries; Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main "gap group": the initial investment for a set of RTO equipment with a processing capacity of 10000 m ?/h is about 3 million yuan, and the annual operation and maintenance cost is 250000 to 300000 yuan, far exceeding the affordability of small and medium-sized enterprises. 3 paths from 'inefficient in use' to 'efficient operation'

　　面對VOCs治理設施的現狀，單純依靠企業自主升級顯然不夠，需要政策引導、技術創新、模式突破三管齊下：1.政策端：明確“低效設施淘汰清單”，強化運行監管2024年起，江蘇、廣東等地已率先發布《VOCs低效治理設施淘汰目錄》，將“單一UV光解”“未再生活性炭吸附”等工藝納入淘汰范圍，要求2025年底前完成替換。同時，多地推行“設施運行在線監控”，通過實時監測進出口VOCs濃度、設備溫度、活性炭更換頻次等數據，杜絕“假治理”。2.技術端：推廣“中小型高效設備”，降低應用門檻針對中小企業成本壓力，環保企業已研發出“小型模塊化RTO”“吸附-催化一體化設備”等產品，如某企業推出的5000m?/h處理量模塊化RTO，投資成本降至120萬元，比傳統設備低40%，且占地面積減少60%，更適合中小企業使用。3.模式端：發力“綠島”集中治理，破解分散難題“綠島”模式通過建設區域性VOCs集中處理中心，為周邊中小企業提供“統一收集、統一治理”服務，大幅降低企業單廠投入。如浙江某涂裝產業集群的“綠島”項目，集中處理23家企業的噴漆廢氣，采用“濃縮+RTO”工藝，治理成本從企業單廠處理的8元/㎡降至3.5元/㎡，且達標率穩定在98%以上。4治理不是“走過場”，而是“真見效”

　　In the face of the current situation of VOCs treatment facilities, relying solely on enterprises to upgrade independently is obviously not enough. A three pronged approach is needed: policy guidance, technological innovation, and model breakthroughs: 1. Policy side: clarify the "list of inefficient facilities to be eliminated" and strengthen operational supervision. Starting from 2024, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other places have taken the lead in issuing the "VOCs Inefficient Treatment Facility Elimination Catalogue", which includes processes such as "single UV photolysis" and "non regenerated activated carbon adsorption" in the elimination scope, and requires replacement to be completed by the end of 2025. At the same time, multiple regions are implementing "online monitoring of facility operation" to eliminate "false governance" by real-time monitoring of data such as VOCs concentration, equipment temperature, and frequency of activated carbon replacement for imports and exports. 2. Technical side: Promote "small and medium-sized high-efficiency equipment" and reduce application barriers. In response to the cost pressure on small and medium-sized enterprises, environmental protection companies have developed products such as "small modular RTO" and "adsorption catalytic integrated equipment". For example, a certain enterprise has launched a 5000m ?/h processing capacity modular RTO, which reduces investment costs by 40% compared to traditional equipment and occupies 60% less land, making it more suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises to use. 3. Mode end: Focus on centralized management of "Green Island" to solve the problem of dispersion. The "Green Island" mode provides "unified collection and management" services for surrounding small and medium-sized enterprises by building regional VOCs centralized treatment centers, significantly reducing the investment of individual factories by enterprises. For example, in the "Green Island" project of a painting industry cluster in Zhejiang Province, the spray painting exhaust gas from 23 enterprises is centrally treated using the "concentration+RTO" process. The treatment cost has been reduced from 8 yuan/㎡ per factory to 3.5 yuan/㎡, and the compliance rate has remained stable at over 98%. Governance is not about going through the motions, but about achieving real results

　　VOCs治理設施的“在用狀態”，直接關系到大氣環境質量的改善成效。對于企業而言，與其投入資金購買“低效設備”應付檢查，不如選擇適配的簡潔工藝或參與“綠島”治理，既降低長期成本，也避免環保處罰風險；對于監管部門，需持續加大對“假治理”“空運行”的打擊力度，推動治理設施從。

　　The 'in use status' of VOCs treatment facilities directly affects the effectiveness of improving atmospheric environmental quality. For enterprises, instead of investing funds to purchase "inefficient equipment" for inspection, it is better to choose suitable and simple processes or participate in "green island" governance, which not only reduces long-term costs but also avoids environmental penalty risks; For regulatory authorities, it is necessary to continue to increase the crackdown on "fake governance" and "empty operation", and promote the improvement of governance facilities.

　　本文由 VOCs廢氣處理  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.qzxcdz.com/   真誠的態度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.“安裝到位”向“運行到位”轉變。

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